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jalainaiQa piryaaojanaa janapd candaOlaI kI gamBaIr poyajala kI samasyaa kao dRiYTgat rKto hue "payalaT p`aoja@T" ko $p maoM Baart sarkar Wara navaIM pMcavaYaI-ya yaaojanaant-gat [sa piryaaojanaa kao ]<ar p`doSa ko Anya caar ijalaao ko saaqa saaqa candaOlaI janapd maoM p`rmBa ikyaa gayaa hO. yaaojanaa ka ]_oSya : poyajala AapUit- sao sambainQat inamaaNa- kaya- evaM [samaoM sambainQat samaudaya kI pUNa- BaagaIdarI . ga`amaINa samaudaya ko ivaiBanna samaUhaoM , ivaSaoYakr maihlaaAaoM kao poyajala AapUit- kI p`iËyaa maoM saIQao Saaimala krnaa. saamaudaiyak sahBaaigata ko sambanQa maoM jaga$kta pOda krnaa . poyajana AapUit- ka p`banQa samaudaya Wara krvaanaa tqaa samaudaya maoM svaaiya%va , ijammaodarI tqaa saSa>IkrNa ko sambanQa maoM jaagaRt pOda krnaa . saMsaaQana : 90 p`itSat kond`MaSa 10 p`itSat laaBaaqaI- AMSa nagad yaa Eama ko $p maoM sampk- saU~
kayaao- ka iËyaanvayana
2 ga`amaINa poyajala yaaojanaa yaoajanaa ka p`armBa 1981 , 1982 yaaojanaa ka ]_oSya : ga`amaINa xao~ao maoM SauW poyajala ]plabQa kranaa . ga`amaINa xao~ao ko AnausaUicat jaait/ janajaait baahulya xao~ao maoM SauW poyajala ]plabQa kranaa . ga`amaINa xao~ao ko p`qaimak ivaValayaao maoM SauW poyajala kI vyavasqaa krnaa . saMsaaQana : ga`amaINa poyajala yaaojanaa ka saMcaalana inamna yaaojanaaAaoM ko maaQyama sao krayaa jaa rha hO. bajaT : bajaT kI vyavasqaa saIQao Saasana Wara jala inagama ka kI jaatI hO. sampk- saU~ : rajya str pr Aayau> ga`ama ivakasa , p`banQa inadoSak , jala inagama . ijalaa str ijalaa ivakasa AiQakarI . AiQaSaasaI AiBayanta jala inagama . ivakasa KND str pr KND ivakasa AiQakarI.Avar AiBayanta jala inagama 3 svaNa- jayantI ga`ama svaraojagaar yaaojanaa yaaojanaa ka p`armBa 1 Ap`Ola 1999 yaaojanaa ka ]_oSya : ga`amaINa sahayaitt garIba pirvaarao , baOMk ?Na evaM SaasakIya Anaudana ko maaQyama sao CaoTo ]Vmaao ko $p maoM tqaa Aaya saRjak sampi<a ]plabQa krakr ]nho 3 vaYa- maoM garIbaI kI roKa sao }pr ]zanaa . p`%yaok svaraojagaarI pirvaar kao p`itmaah $ , 2000 Aaya saRjana banaanaa . saMsaaQana : kond`aMSa 75 p`itSat , rajyaMSa 25 p`itSat yaaojanaa kI mau#ya ivaSaoYatayao ga`amaINa ka svaMya sahayata samaUhao ( 10 sao 20 vyai> ) ko $p maoM saMgaizt krnaa tqaa ]nakao saSa> krnaa , iËyaaklaap @lasTr , Avasqaapnaa sauivaQaaAao evaM tknaIk ka inayaaojana krnaa . p`%yaok ivakasa KND ko ilayao vyavasaaiyak xamataAao evaM ivapNana sauivaQaaAao pr AaQaairt 4 ,5 mau#ya iËyaaklaapao kao icainht krko tqaa p`%yaok mau#ya iËyaaklaapao ko ilae piryaoajanaa pWit ka AnausarNa ikyaa jaanaa . baOMksa- evaM kaya-dayaI ivaBaagaao ( laa[na iDpaT-maoMTsa) ka ivaSaoYa yaaogadana . gaizt samaUhao maoM sao 50 p`itSat samaUh maihlaaAao ko haoMgao . vyai>gat laaBaaiqa-yaao ka cayana tIna sadsyaIya saimait ko maaQyama sao haogaa . Anaudana kI AiQaktma saImaa vyai>gat svaraojagaairyaao ko ilae saamaanya pirvaar 7500 $ , tqaa AnausaUicat jaait/ janajaait 10 ,000 tqaa samaUh ko ilae piryaoajanaa laagat ka 50 p`itSat AiQaktma 1 ,25 laaK $ ,. Ga`amaINa garIbaI ka kaOSala samvaQa-na evaM p`iSaxaNa yaaojanaa ka mah%vapUNa- AgaM hO. svaraojagaairyaao ko samaUhao kao gazna ko 6 maah ko pScaat ]naka xao~IkrNa krko kaya-SaIla samaUhao kao irvaailvaga fND ]plabQa krayaa jaanaa . irvaailvaMga fND ]plabQa kranao ko 6 maah pScaat puna: EaoNaIkrNa kr kaya-SaIla evaM AcCo samauhao kao ?Na sauivaQaa ]plabQa kranaa . yaaoojanaa maoM svaMya saovaI saMgaznaao kI mah<vapUNa- BaUimaka hO. svaraojagaar kI saBaI yaaojanaAao evMa kaya-Ëma ka 1, 4, 99 sasvaNa- jayantI ga`ama svaraojagaar yaaojanaa maoM ivalaya kr idyaa hO ijasasao ga`amaINa garIbaao ko ilae svaraojagaar ko jyaada Avasar ]plabQa krayao jaa sako. [sa yaaojanaa ka mau#ya ]_oSya ga`amaINa garIbaao kao garIbaI kI roKa sao }pr laanao ka kaya- 3 vaYa- maoM pUra krnaa hO AaOr p`%yaok ivakasa KND ko 30 p`itSat garIbaao kao [sa yaaojanaa ko maaQyama sao vyai> AaOr svaMya sahayata samaUhao ka Qyaana rKa jaayaogaa AaOr samaUhao kao ivaSaoYa p`aqaimakta dI jaayaogaI. svaMya sahayata samaUh hO Aaja ko piroop`o`xya maoM svaMya sahayata samaUh ek trh sao bahut CaoTo pOmaanao pr calaayaa jaanao vaalaa inaQ-ana ga`amaINaao ko samaUh ka CaoTa maaoTa baOMk hO [sao baOk [sailae BaI kh sakto hO , @yaaMoik [samaoM BaI baOk kI trh $pyaao ka laona dona haota hO. sadsya p`%yaok maah maoM ek inaiEcat bacat kr [sa,maoM jamaa krvaato hO va ja$rt ko samaya vao [sa baOk sao pOsaa ]Qaar laoto hO ijasa pr (Saaid byaah baImaarI ko [laaja kRiYa kaya- Aaid ) ]nho byaaja donaa pDta hO yah Qana inaiEcat samaya maoM jamaa krnaa haota hO. yah baOk rijasTD- nahIhaota ifr BaI samaUh ko Apnao inayama kanaUna haoto hO ijana pr saBaI sadsyaao kao Amala krnaa haota hO. jaba samaUh 6 maah yaa ek saala kama krko AnauBavaI hao jaata hO , tba vah baDo, baOkao sao jauD jaata hO (haomaojaInasa) samaUh hO jaao ApnaI Aaya maoM sao sabakI sahmait sao tya kI ga[- CaoTI raiSayaaoM kI bacat ko ilae sadsyaao kI saamaanya QanaraiSa jamaa haotI hO ijasasao samaUh ko sadsyaao kao ]nakI Aakilak ja$rtao kao pUra krnao ko ilae AaOr ]%pad gaitivaiQayaao Aqa-at Aaya Aija-t kaya-klaapao kao calanao ko ilae kja- idyaa jaata hO AaOr svaMya sahayata samaUh Apnaa jaIvana str }caaM ]za sakto hO. 4 saunaiEcat raojagaar yaaojanaa yaaojanaa ka p`armBa 2 A@TUbar 1993 yaaojanaa ka ]_oSya garIbaI kI roKa ko naIcao jaIvana yaapna krnao vaalao ga`amaINa garIbaao kao Aitir> majadUrI raojagaar ko Avasar ]plabQa kranao tqaa saamaudaiyak saamaaijak evaM Aaiqa-k pirsampi<ayaa^M saRijat krnao ko ]_oSya sao ikyaa jaa rha hO. saMsaaQana kond`aSaM 75 p`itSat , rajyayaaMSa 25 p`itSat mau#ya ibandU yaaojanaantga-t garIbaI kI roKa ko naIcao jaIvana yaapna krnao vaalao AnausaUicat jaait /janajaait tqaa Ktrnaak kayaao- sao inakalao gayao Eaimakao ko AiBaBaavakao kao p`aqaimakta dI jaatI hO. kaya-Ëma ka iËyanvayana ijalaa pMcaayat ko maaQyama sao ikyaa jaata hO. yaaojanantga-t kond` tqaa rajya ko maaQya 75:25 ko Anaupat maoM saMsaaQanaao ka Baar vahna ikyaa jaata hO. yaaojanaantga-t 70 p`itSat QanaraiSa xao~ pMcaayatao kao hstantirt ikyaa jaata hO. vaaiYa-k kaya- yaaojanaa 70 p`itSat AMSa ko ilae xao~ pMcaayatao Wara tqaa 30 p`itSat AMSa ko ilae ijalaa pMcaayatao Wara banaayaI jaayaogaI . yaaojanaantga-t kaya-dayaI saMsqaayao kao[- BaI sambainQat ivaBaaga tqaa pMcaayatI raja kI tInaao strao kI saMsqaayaoM hao saktI hO. yaaojanaantga-t majadUrI ka Baugatana nakd ikyaa jaayaogaa . kayaao- ka iËyaanvayana yaaojanaantga-t iksaI BaI kaya- ko ilayao zokodarao kao lagaayaa jaanaa p`itbainQat hO.kaya- masTr raola ko Aqaar pr krayao jayaogao. sampk- saU~ : KND ivakasa AiQakarI Piryaaojanaa inadoSak ijalaa ga`amya ivakasa AiBakrNa.rajya str , Aayau> .ga`ama ivakasa ]<ar p`doSa . 5 [indra Aavaasa yaaojanaa yaaojanaa ka p`armBa vaYa- 1985 yaaojanaa ka ]_oSya : garIbaI kI roKa sao inacao jaIvana yaapna krnao vaalao AavaasahIna ga`amaINa pirvaarao kao inaSaulk Aavaasa mauhOyaa kranaa . saMsaaQana kondaMSa 75 p`itSat rajyaMaSa 25 p`itSat Aavaasaao kI [ka[- laagat
yaaojanaa kI ivaSaoYatayaoM Aavaasaao ka inamaaNa- laaBaaiqa-yaao ko svaMya ko BaUKND pr yaa @lasTr maoM ek jagah banaayao jaayaogao Aavaasaao kI kao[- iDjaa[na inaQa-airt nahI hO. Sat- maa~ yah hO ik Aavaasa kusaI- xao~ kma sao kma 20 vaga- maITr hao.vaaiYa-k pirvyaya ka 80 p`itSat nayao Aavaasaao ko inamaa-Na hotu 20 p`itSat kccao Aavaasaao ]ccaIkrNa hotu vyaya haogaa. kuula laaBaiqa-yaao maoM kma sao kma 60 p`itSat laaBaqaI- AnausaUicat jaait/ janajaait ko tqaa 3 p`itSat laaBaaqaI- ivaklaaMga haonaa AavaSyak hO. Aavaasa maihlaaAao ko naama sao AavMaiTt ikyao jaayaogao.ivaSaoYa pirisqaityaao maoM pit p%naI daonaao konaama sao Aavaasa AavMaiTt ikyao jaa sakto hO. laaBaaqaI-yaao ka cayana ga`ama saBaa kI KulaI baOzk maoM haogaa. Aavaasaao ka inamaa-Na laaBaaqaI- Wara svaMya ikyaa jaayaogaa. laaBaaqaI-yaao kao doa ikStao maoM QanaraiSa ]plabQa krayaI jaayaogaI jaao ]nako baOk Katao maoM hstantirt kI jaayaogaI.SvacC SaaOcaalaya evaM QaUma` riht caUlha yaaojanaa ka AiBanna Amga haogaa . [indra Aavaasa yaaojanaa kond` puraoinaQaainat yaaojanaa hO ijasamaoM kond` evaM rajya sarkar Wara k`maSaM 75 ,25 ka Anaupat maoM QanaraiSa p`aPt haotI hO . yaaojanaa ka mau#ya ]_oSya ga`amaINa xao~ maoM inavaasa krnao vaalao AnausaUicat jaait , janajaait mau> ba^MqauAa majadUr tqaa saamaanya vaga- ko Aavaasa ivahIna garIba vyai>yaao kao Anaudana dokr laaBaainvat krnaa hO.pa~ vyai>yaao ko Garao kao p@ka krnaa evaM pUva- sao p`itsqaaipt Aavaasa ko str maoM sauQaar krnaa yaaojanaa ka mau#ya ]_oSya hO. laaBaaiqa-yaao ka pa~ta k`ma mau@t krayao gayao baMQauAa majadur Anasauicat jaait , janajaait laaBaaiqa- 1 A%yaacaar sao ipiD,t Anau0 jaait ko pirvaar
6 P`aQaanamaM~I ga`amaaodya yaaojanaa gaamaINa Aavaasa yaoajana ka p`armBa vaYa- 2000 , 2001 yaaojanaa ka ]_oSya ga`amaINa xao~ maoM garIbaI roKa ko naIcao jaIvana yaapna krnao vaalao pirvaarao , ijanho [indra Aavaasa ka laaBa nahI imalaa hOM , kao Aavaasa kI sauivaQaa ]plabQa kranaa evaM svasqa pyaa-varNa maoM sahayata ]plabQa kranaa . saMsaaQana 100% kond` sarkar laxya samaUh : 1 , garIbaI kI roKa ko inacao jaIvana yaapna krnao vaalao gaOr Anau0 jaait / janajaait tqaa baMQauAa majadUr evaM gaOr Anau0 jaait/ janajaait ko vyai> 2 , ivaklaaMga hotu 3% laaBaaiqa-yaao ka cayana : pirvaar kI maihlaa sadsyaao kI ]plabQa kra[- jaanao vaalaI saUcaI maoM sao ga`ama pMcaayat AavMaiTt laxyaao ko saapoxa pa~ta ko Aqaar pr cayana kr saUcaI xao~ pMcaayat kao p`oiYat krogaI. Aavaasa sqala : saamaanyat: gaaMva kI mau#ya bastI maoM inajaI BaUKND pr ikntu bastI sao najadIk samaUh maoM BaI Aavaasa banaayao jaa sakto hO. inamaa-Na [ka[- : inamaa-Na kaya- svaMya laaBaaqaI- krogaa. ]cca tknaIk kI jaanakarI sarkarI ivaBaaga do sakta hO. ikntu kusaI- xao~fla 20 vaga-maITr baaQyata hO. inamaa-Na laagat : maOdanaI xao~ hotu 20 ,000 $0 tqaa phaDI, evaM duga-ma xao~ hotu 22 ,000 $0 p`it makana . kccao makanaao kao p@ka / AW-p@ka krnao hotu AiQaktma 10 ,000 $0 . QanaraiSa dao ikStao maoM dI jaayaogaI . QaUma` riht caUlha yaaojanaa ko AiBanna Amga hO. [sa p`ayaaojanaaqa- ga`amaINa Aavaasa ko xao~ maoM p`QaanamaM~I ga`amaaodya yaaojanaa ko $p maoM hala hI maoM ek na[- phla kI GaaoYaNaa kI ga[- hO ijasamaoM ga`amaINa garIbaaoM kao laaBa phucaanao pr pUra Qyaana koind`t ikyaa gayaa hO. laxya samaUh yaaojanaa ko Antga-t makanaao ko ilae laxya samaUh maoM ga`amaINa xao~ maoM garIbaI roKa sao naIcao jaIvanayaapna krnao vaalao AnausaUicat jaait /janajaait tqaa mau> baMQauAa majadUr vaga- ko laaoga AaOr gaOr AnausaUicat jaait /janajaait ko laaoga hO . jabaik garIbaI roKa sao naIcao ko ivaklaaMga ko ilae inaiQayaao ka 3 p`itSat inaQaa-irt ikyaa jaaegaa . makanaao ka sqaana yaaojanaa ko Antga-t makana saamaanyat: gaaMva kI mau#ya bastI maoM inajaI BaUKND pr banaayao jaayaogao .[sa baat pr sadOva Qyaana idyaa jaanaa caaihe ik yaaojanaa ko Antga-t makana gaaMva ko najadIk hao na kI kafI dUr ijasasao ik saurxaa AaOr saMrxaa kaya-sqala sao najadIkI tqaa saamaaijak sampk- sauinaiEcat ikyaa jaa sako . raYT/Iya ]nnat caUlha kaya-Ëma raYT/Iya baayaaogaOsa kaya-Ëma |
javaahr ga`ama samaRiw yaaojanaa PaUva- mao sancaalaIt raYT/iIya ga/amaINa roajagaar kaya-k`ma va ga/amaINa BaUimahIna ka raojagaar gaarNTI kaya-k/ma yaaojanaa kao saivalaIna krko vaYa- 1989 /1990 sao javaahr raojagaar yaaojanaa " pUro doXa mao Pa/armBa kI ga[- qaI. [sa yaaojanaa ko Antga-t 70 QanaraiSa ga/ama pMcaayatao kao evaM 15 QanaraiSa xao pMcaayatao kao ]nakI janasaM#yaa ko Anaupat maoM saIQao ga/amya ivakasa AiBakrNaao ko maaQyama sao ]plabQa kra[- jaatI qaI . 1.4.1999 sao [sa yaaojanaa ka sva$p badla idyaa gayaa AaOr javaahr raojagaar yaaojanaa ka naama pirvait-t krko javaahr ga/ama samaRiW yaaojanaa r#aa gayaa hO. yaaojanaa kI mau#ya ivaSaoYata yah hO ik yaaojanaantga-t p/aPt samast QanaraiSa ijalaa ga/amya ivakaSa AiBakrNa Wara saIQao ga/ama pMcaayatao kao hstaMtirt kr dI jaatI hO. p/arimBak ]_oSya
gaaONa ]_oSya baoraojagaar ga/amaINaaoM ko ilayao pUrk raojagaar ka saRjana krnaa . kmajaaor vaga- ko ilayao ivaSaoYa Anau jaait janajaait ko pirvaaraoM ko vyai<agat laaBaaqa- kayaao- pr vaaiYa-k pirvyaya kI 22 % QanaraiSa ka maat/akrNa kaya-k/ma ko Antga-t kovala garIbaI roKa ko naIcao vaalao pirvaar kao hI raojagaar idyaa jaanaa hO. 30 p/itSat raojagaar maihlaAaoM ko ilae saurixat rhogao. str : yah kaya-k/ma Baart sarkar va rajya sarkar Wara 75:25 ko Anaupat maoM iva<a paoYaNa sao calaayaa jaa rha hO. kaya-k/ma kI rNanaIit yah kaya-k/ma ga/ama pMcaayatao ko maaQyama sao saMcaailat ikyaa jaayaogaa . pirvayaya saMsaaQanaaoM hotU naIit inaQaa-rNa evaM maapdND kond/Iya sahayata ka pirvyaya rajya kI ga/amaINa AabaadI ko Anaupat maoM inaQaa-irt ikyaa jaata hO. yaaojanaa Aayaaoga Wara tOyaar ikyaa gayaa garIbaI Anaumaana [sa ]_oSya ko ilayao ]pyaaoga maoM laayaa jaata hO. janapd svar pr ga/amaINa AabaadI ka 40 p/itSat evaM Anau jaait, , janajaait kI janasaM#yaa ka 60 p/itSat Baar doto huyao p/it vyai@t ko AaQaar pr (ga/ama pMcaayat kI nyaUnatma AabaadI 1000 maanakr) kond/aMSa evaM rajyaaMSa kI QanaraiSa p/aPt haonao ko 15 idvasa ko Andr DI , Aar , e , sao saIQao ga/ama pMcaayataoM kao QanaraiSa Avamau@t kI jaatI hO. kond/Iya sahayata ikStaoM maoM janapdaoM kao Avamau@t kI jaatI hO , jaao janapd gat vaYa- kI iWtIya ikSt p/aPt kr laoto hO ]nho p/qama ikSt svayamaov Avamau@t hao jaatI hO. prntUu ijana janapdao Wara iWtIya ikSt nahI kI jaatI hO , ]nho ikSt kI BaaMit p/qama ikSt ka p/stava Baojanaa pDta hO. iWtIya ikSt kI Sato-M inamna hO - kula ]plabQa QanaraiSa ka 60 p/itSat vyaya haonaa caaihyao . gat vaYa- ko pirvyaya ko saapoxa 15 p/itSat sao AiQak ka AvaSaoYa na hao .rajya sarkar Wara kond/Iya sahayata ko saapoxa maOicagaM ga/anT kI bajaT maoM vyavasqaa hao .gat vaYa- kI AaiDT irpaoT- evaM ]samaoM ]illaiKt inado-Saao kI Anaupalana Aa#yaa saMlagna kI jaanaI caaihyaoM .gat vaYa- ka ]pyaaoigata p/maaNa pt/ .ivaiBanna p/kar ko p/maaNa pt/ Aaid . rajya sarkar ko AMSa kI Avamaui> - kond/Iya sahayata kI Avamaui> ko ek saPtah ko Andr kao maOicaMga ga/anT Avamau> krnaa haogaa . ga/ama pMcaayatao kao inaiQa kI Avamaui@t kond/ Aqavaa rajya sarkar sao QanaraiSa p/aPt haonao ko 15 idvasa ko Andr pMcaayatao kao Avamau@t kr dI jaanaI caaihe . vana ga/amaao kI QanaraiSa ijalaa str ko vanaiQakarI kao dI jaayaogaI . vanaiQakarI vanaga/ama kI ek paMca sadsyaI saimait gaizt krogao ijasamaoM ek maihlaa eva ek Anau.jaait/janajaait sadsya haogaa ijasako maaQyama sao QanaraiSa vyaya kI javaogaI . saMsaaQanaao ka Dayavaja-na ek janapd sao dUsaro janapd kI trh ek ga/ama pMcaayatao sao dUsarI ga/ama pMcaayatao kao BaI saMsaaQanaao ka Dayavaja-na nahI ikyaa jaa sakta hO. ga/ama pMcaayatao ka 15% sao AiQak gat vaYa- ka AvaSaoYa na haonao ko sambanQa maoM yaid iksaI ga/ama pMcaayat Wara gat vaYa- ko pirvyaya ko 15 p/itSat sao AiQak ka AvaSaoYa rh jaata hO tao Agalao iva<aIya vaYa- ko pirvyaya maoM sao AvaSaoYa QanaraiSa kI kTaOtI krko sambainQat ivakaSa KND kI Anya ga/ama pMcaayatao kao Avamau@t kr dI jaayaogaI . ivalamba sao p/aPt p/stavaao pr kTaOtI iva<aIya AnauSaasana banaayao rKnao ko ilae ivalamba sao p/aPt p/stavao pr kTaOtI kI jaatI hO. yaid maah janavarI va frvarI maoM p/stava p/aPt haoto hOM tao vaaiYa-k pirvyaya ka 15 p/itSat va 30 p/itSat kTaOtI kI jaayaogaI .15 frvarI tk (p/%yaok vaYa-) p/stava p/aPt hao jaanao caaihe . p/Saasainak /p/asaMigak vyaya ga/ama pMcaayatao ko vaaiYa-k pirvyaya 7.5 % yaa 7500 jaao BaI kma hao , p/Saasainak /p/asaMigak vyaya mad maoM vyaya kr saktI hO. AvaSaoYa QanaraiSa kaya-k/ma ka Baaga haogaI . pirsaMpi<ayaao ka rK rKava pUva- maoM saMcaailat raojagaar prk yaaojanaaAao ko Antga-t ga/ama pMcaayat saImaa ko Antga-t isqat kayaao- ko rK rKava pr kula pirvyaya ka 15% QanaraiSa vyaya kI jaa saktI hO. AvaSaoYa QanaraiSa kaya-k/ma pr vyaya kI jaayaogaI. saMsaaQanaao ka ]pyaaoga evaM maat/akrNa [sa yaaojanaa maoM kao[- sao@Taorla maat/akrNa nahI hO ifr BaI inamnaanausaar p/aivaQaana ikyaa jaanaa hO.
yaaojanaantga-t ilayao jaanao vaalao kaya-
Yaaojanaantga-t na ike jaa saknao vaalao kaya-
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